El sistema internacional de unidades y las mediciones eléctricas

Marcos Eduardo Bierzychudek, Héctor Laiz

Resumen


Constantemente utilizamos los resultados de medidas para comercializar, tomar decisiones, compatibilizar elementos o valorar riesgos. El Sistema Internacional de Unidades (SI) es imprescindible para expresar los resultados de manera clara y comparable. El SI es el resultado de una convención diplomática cuyo objetivo es lograr la compatibilidad internacional de las mediciones para el comercio, la ciencia y el desarrollo sustentable. Recientemente, se aprobó una nueva definición del SI, en la cual el sistema es definido en términos de siete constantes de referencia cuyo valor numérico es establecido por convención. De esta manera, se dejó de lado la definición del kilogramo basada en un artefacto, la definición del ampere basada en un experimento teórico, y la definición del kelvin y del mol basadas en propiedades de sustancias. Ahora, cualquier unidad del sistema puede ser derivada a partir de las constantes de referencia. Esta redefinición tiene como objetivo la estabilidad a largo plazo, la consistencia y la coherencia del sistema, adecuándose a las necesidades de los usuarios y brindado un marco formal para potenciar el crecimiento de la ciencia y la tecnologı́a. En este artículo, se dará especial atención a los efectos de la redefinición en las unidades eléctricas.

Palabras clave


constantes de referencia; mediciones; metrologı́a; Sistema Internacional de Unidades; unidades de base

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.37537/rev.elektron.3.2.81.2019

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